← All thesesMPWRNeutralMedium convictionSaturday 3 October 2026עברית

Monolithic Power Systems

Monolithic Power Systems designs the chips that turn a board's power into the steady, low voltage that processors, memory and sensors need, in servers, cars and phones.

Our viewNeutral Medium conviction
The scores
The profile · 1-4
Growth4/4 ↑

Fourteen straight years of growth with nothing bought, 26% in 2025 and 48% in June, spread across six end markets rather than one buyer.

Business quality3/4 →

Its own process wins sockets and a foundry adopted it, but Infineon leads AI power and MPS lost a key AI customer in 2024.

Financial position4/4 →

No debt, $1.4B of cash and short-term investments, and operating cash covers dividends and capacity.

Execution record3/4 →

Fourteen years of growth and three straight beats, but a restated tax benefit, an unfixed control weakness and the 2024 quality episode.

Per share capture3/4 →

Stock pay adds about 2.6% to the share count a year and buybacks are token, comfortably outrun by 25% sales-per-share growth.

Potential2/4 →

A large AI power market, but the climb to 2027 consensus is expected rather than committed: backlog is cancellable and no supply deal is filed.

Risk profile3/4 →

94% of sales to Asia, three distributors over half of revenue, and a founder-CEO; the fraud suit is survivable with $1.4B of cash.

Valuation2/4 ↓

The price per sales dollar assumes revenue nearly doubles by 2027 with margins held; if AI orders flatten, it falls toward its six-year median.

Evidence quality3/4 →

Sales, margins, cash and shares are filed; market share, the AI split and the growth floors rest on management or the leader's own statement.

The Verdict

We rate Monolithic Power neutral. It designs the chips that feed processors steady, low-voltage power, and it is a solid business that has grown fourteen years running with no debt. Its AI data-centre line is booming. The price is full, not cheap: buyers already count on sales nearly doubling between 2025 and 2027 with margins held, so they pay today for 2027's business. The view hinges on AI orders holding up: a slowdown would hurt, a lower price would help. We think it is an excellent business at a full price, because the market leader has customers prepaying for supply and Monolithic Power shows no such contracts.

The long caseAI data centres need far more power per rack, and Monolithic Power's chips deliver it; that demand must keep growing as fast as the price assumes.

The evidence under this - 8 claims
C02facthigh confidence
2025 revenue was $2,790.5M, up 26.4%, the 14th straight year of growth. By end market: enterprise data $701.8M (down 2.0%), storage and computing $732.5M (up 46%), automotive $592.5M (up 43.1%), communications $309.1M (up 36.8%), consumer $255.2M (up 26.3%) and industrial $199.4M (up 35.3%).
historical · FY2025written 2026-10-03
C04facthigh confidence
In the June 2026 quarter enterprise data was $380.6M, 38.8% of revenue and up 164.3% on a year; communications $131.6M, up 78.3%; storage and computing $199.8M, up 2.3%; automotive $157.1M, up 8.2%; industrial $54.8M, up 17.3%; consumer $56.8M, down 4.8%.
historical · Q2 2026written 2026-10-03
C08facthigh confidence
Unlike most fabless chipmakers, MPS has developed its own proprietary process and packaging technologies and installs them on equipment in its foundries' plants; it keeps the process as trade secrets and held 2,231 patents and applications at December 31, 2025, 654 issued in the US.
current state · 2025-12-31written 2026-10-03
C25facthigh confidence
At the October 2, 2026 close of $1,439.73 MPS's company value was about $69.7B, 21.3 times trailing sales of $3,273.2M against a six-year median of 15.7; the price was 87.8 times trailing GAAP earnings against a median of 70.5.
current state · 2026-10-02written 2026-10-03
C28inferencemedium confidence
The price assumes the AI boom carries on into 2027: company value is about 13.1 times 2027 consensus sales of $5.34B, nearly double 2025, and the price 40 times 2027 adjusted EPS, so consensus must arrive with margins held.
derivedC25, C27, C02 and C03: company value over consensus sales, the price over consensus adjusted EPS, set against 2025 revenue
against this
  • MPS has traded above 15 times sales for six years (C25) and grew every year of them (C02), so a premium to the cohort is its normal state.
  • Consensus has been beaten three prints running (C42), so 2027 may arrive early.
current state · 2026-10-02written 2026-10-03
C36inferencelow confidence
MPS is one of two or three scale suppliers of AI power, but with weaker commitments than its largest rival: at a 130% floor its whole enterprise data line would be about $1.61B in 2026, close to Infineon's AI power alone, yet Infineon has prepaid capacity deals and MPS files none.
derivedC06, C12 and C20: the enterprise data floor against Infineon's stated AI power revenue and agreements, and MPS's own commitments note
against this
  • Enterprise data also holds non-AI servers and storage, so the two figures are not the same market and MPS's AI share may be smaller.
  • MPS says its wins span several large customers (C07), and its own $571.0M of purchase commitments show it is buying supply ahead of demand (C20).
current state · 2026-08-05written 2026-10-03
C27facthigh confidence
Consensus has sales of $4,149M in 2026, $5,339M in 2027 and $6,415M in 2028, with adjusted earnings of $27.42, $35.92 and $43.18 a share. 22 of 25 rating analysts say buy and none sell.
current state · 2026-10-02written 2026-10-03
C12facthigh confidence
Infineon says demand for its AI power chips outstrips supply and it is on allocation; it expects over EUR 1.6B of AI power revenue in its year to September 2026, plus about EUR 500M of other data-centre power, and has customers signing prepaid multi-year capacity reservations worth a high single-digit billion euros.
current state · 2026-08-05written 2026-10-03
01

The company

Every processor needs about one volt, delivered steadily at huge currents. MPS sells the chips that make that voltage from the power a board receives: converters, controllers and modules that sit right beside the processor.

Its buyers are server, car, phone and industrial makers, most reached through distributors. Unlike most chip designers, MPS writes its own manufacturing recipe and installs it in its suppliers' factories. NVIDIA lists it among ten approved power suppliers for its next racks.

The evidence under this - 4 claims
C01facthigh confidence
MPS is a fabless maker of power chips: DC-DC converters, multiphase controllers and power stages, and power modules that feed processors, memory and sensors. About 85% of 2025 sales went through distributors; three of them were 26%, 18% and 10% of revenue. It employs over 4,500 people.
current state · 2025-12-31written 2026-10-03
C08facthigh confidence
Unlike most fabless chipmakers, MPS has developed its own proprietary process and packaging technologies and installs them on equipment in its foundries' plants; it keeps the process as trade secrets and held 2,231 patents and applications at December 31, 2025, 654 issued in the US.
current state · 2025-12-31written 2026-10-03
C09facthigh confidence
GlobalFoundries signed a long-term manufacturing agreement in September 2026 that deploys MPS's proprietary process in its 300mm plant in Singapore, with volume production planned for 2027, for car, robotics and AI power stage products.
current state · 2026-09-09written 2026-10-03
C10facthigh confidence
NVIDIA names MPS among ten silicon providers for its 800-volt DC data-centre design, alongside Analog Devices, Infineon, Innoscience, Navitas, onsemi, Renesas, ROHM, STMicroelectronics and Texas Instruments, and plans full-scale production with its Kyber racks in 2027.
current state · 2025-10-13written 2026-10-03

How it makes money

MPS sells chips by the unit, mostly through distributors, and keeps about 55 cents of each sales dollar after the cost of making them. Its 2025 sales of $2.79B came from six markets: data centres, storage and computing, cars, communications, consumer and industrial.

Profits are high. In Q2 2026 it kept 31 cents of each dollar as operating profit, or 37.5 cents before stock pay to staff.

The evidence under this - 4 claims
C01facthigh confidence
MPS is a fabless maker of power chips: DC-DC converters, multiphase controllers and power stages, and power modules that feed processors, memory and sensors. About 85% of 2025 sales went through distributors; three of them were 26%, 18% and 10% of revenue. It employs over 4,500 people.
current state · 2025-12-31written 2026-10-03
C02facthigh confidence
2025 revenue was $2,790.5M, up 26.4%, the 14th straight year of growth. By end market: enterprise data $701.8M (down 2.0%), storage and computing $732.5M (up 46%), automotive $592.5M (up 43.1%), communications $309.1M (up 36.8%), consumer $255.2M (up 26.3%) and industrial $199.4M (up 35.3%).
historical · FY2025written 2026-10-03
C03facthigh confidence
June 2026 quarter revenue was $980.6M, up 47.6% on a year. GAAP gross margin was 55.2%, operating margin 31.0% and EPS $5.22; non-GAAP gross margin 55.6%, operating margin 37.5% and EPS $6.50.
historical · Q2 2026written 2026-10-03
C24facthigh confidence
Adjusted earnings run well above GAAP: 2025 GAAP EPS was $12.75 against $17.77 non-GAAP, and the June 2026 quarter $5.22 against $6.50, the gap mostly stock-based pay.
historical · FY2025 and Q2 2026written 2026-10-03
Where the money comes from, stream by stream
StreamShare of sales (Q2 2026)How it earns it
Enterprise data38.8%Power chips and modules for AI accelerators, servers and storage systems in data centres.
Storage and computing20.4%Power solutions for memory, storage, notebooks, graphics cards and PCs.
Automotive16.0%Power chips for infotainment, driver assistance, 48-volt and zonal car electronics.
Communications13.4%Power for network infrastructure, switches, optical modules and satellite communications.
Consumer5.8%Power chips for home appliances, wearables and other consumer electronics.
Industrial5.6%Power for industrial equipment, power sources, test and medical devices.

Who runs it

Michael Hsing founded MPS in 1997, invented its chip-making process and still runs it as chief executive and chair. The finance chief retired in February and the long-time controller is filling in until a permanent one is named. Insiders own under 4%, most of it Hsing's. Their yearly bonus rides entirely on adjusted operating profit, and their shares on sales growth and the stock's return against other chipmakers; nothing rewards cash or clean books.

The evidence under this - 4 claims
C38facthigh confidence
The chief financial officer retired after the 2025 annual report and an interim officer holds the role; Michael Hsing, 66, founded MPS, developed its process and is chief executive and chair, and the 10-K says MPS depends on him.
current state · 2026-06-30written 2026-10-03
C47facthigh confidence
Bernie Blegen, CFO since July 2016, retired when the 2025 10-K was filed on February 27, 2026; Rob Dean, corporate controller for nine years, became interim CFO and was still interim when he signed the June 2026 10-Q on August 5, 2026.
current state · 2026-08-05written 2026-10-04
C45facthigh confidence
At the April 15, 2026 record date Michael Hsing beneficially owned 1,034,099 shares, 2.1% of MPS, and directors and executive officers as a group 1,786,772 shares, 3.6%; Vanguard (12.1%), BlackRock (10.0%) and FMR (8.1%) were the holders above 5%. MPS has one class of common stock.
against this
  • The holders above 5% are taken from 13G filings of 2025 and early 2026, and Vanguard's March 2026 13G/A reports 0.0% after splitting its reporting, so those figures are dated.
  • The chief executive sold 40,000 shares in May 2026 (C31), so his stake is smaller than the record-date figure.
current state · 2026-04-15written 2026-10-04
C46facthigh confidence
In 2025 the annual cash bonus paid wholly on non-GAAP operating income: $989.4M against a $821.2M target paid the 400% maximum. All executive equity is PSUs over three years on revenue growth against the analog industry (up to 300% of target) and shareholder return against the PHLX semiconductor index (up to 200%); none vests on service alone. The 2023 PSUs paid the 300% maximum.
against this
  • Non-GAAP operating income excludes stock pay, so the bonus never sees the dilution in C23, and no metric pays on cash conversion, return on capital or the control weakness in C18.
  • The bonus target was the board's own operating plan, beaten by 20.5%, so the maximum says as much about the plan as about the year.
historical · FY2025written 2026-10-04
02

Why it wins, and who could beat it

Why customers come back

Most chip designers use whatever process their factory offers. MPS wrote its own and keeps it secret, so it can put more of the power circuit on one chip. That makes parts smaller and more efficient, which wins the spot beside a new processor.

Outsiders back this: GlobalFoundries is installing the MPS process in a Singapore plant, and NVIDIA lists MPS as an approved supplier. But the edge is not permanent. In 2024 a big AI customer moved work to rivals over quality problems.

The evidence under this - 5 claims
C08facthigh confidence
Unlike most fabless chipmakers, MPS has developed its own proprietary process and packaging technologies and installs them on equipment in its foundries' plants; it keeps the process as trade secrets and held 2,231 patents and applications at December 31, 2025, 654 issued in the US.
current state · 2025-12-31written 2026-10-03
C09facthigh confidence
GlobalFoundries signed a long-term manufacturing agreement in September 2026 that deploys MPS's proprietary process in its 300mm plant in Singapore, with volume production planned for 2027, for car, robotics and AI power stage products.
current state · 2026-09-09written 2026-10-03
C10facthigh confidence
NVIDIA names MPS among ten silicon providers for its 800-volt DC data-centre design, alongside Analog Devices, Infineon, Innoscience, Navitas, onsemi, Renesas, ROHM, STMicroelectronics and Texas Instruments, and plans full-scale production with its Kyber racks in 2027.
current state · 2025-10-13written 2026-10-03
C07management claimlow confidence
The chief executive says MPS has passed 30% share of server CPU power, which he had called the line below which he would count it a failure, and that its data-centre design wins span several large customers rather than one.
against this
  • No outside body publishes a share for server power, and Infineon says it is represented in almost all platforms and is the leading force in the space (C12).
  • In late 2024 a key customer moved business to competitors over quality problems (C16).
current state · 2026-07-30written 2026-10-03
C16inferencemedium confidence
MPS has already lost a large AI customer's business once: shares fell about 30% in late 2024 when reports said NVIDIA moved business to competitors over quality problems, and enterprise data then fell 2.0% in 2025 while the rest of MPS grew over 40%.
derivedC02, C30 and S17: the end-market table against the share-price falls and the lawsuit's account of them
against this
  • MPS calls the securities suit meritless (C19), and enterprise data has since grown 164% on a year (C04), so the business came back.
  • The account of why the business moved is the plaintiffs' and the press's; MPS has not confirmed it.
historical · 2024-10 to 2025-12written 2026-10-03

The threat

Infineon is the leader in AI power, sold out and signing prepaid deals. Texas Instruments, onsemi and Vicor sell the same kind of part into the same racks.

The bigger shift is racks moving to 800 volts from 2027. MPS is only sampling those parts and expects sales late in 2027, behind rivals already shipping.

The evidence under this - 5 claims
C12facthigh confidence
Infineon says demand for its AI power chips outstrips supply and it is on allocation; it expects over EUR 1.6B of AI power revenue in its year to September 2026, plus about EUR 500M of other data-centre power, and has customers signing prepaid multi-year capacity reservations worth a high single-digit billion euros.
current state · 2026-08-05written 2026-10-03
C13facthigh confidence
Vicor sells vertical power delivery modules for GPUs and AI processors and says these compete with power modules and power ICs from chipmakers, the products MPS sells into the same racks.
current state · 2025-12-31written 2026-10-03
C15facthigh confidence
Texas Instruments sells DC/DC switching regulators as one of the two product lines of its $14.01B Analog segment, and onsemi's Analog and Mixed-Signal Group sells multiphase controllers and DC-DC converters; onsemi bought Aura Semiconductor's processor power technology in 2025.
current state · 2025-12-31written 2026-10-03
C11management claimmedium confidence
MPS is sampling high-voltage AC-to-DC parts for 800-volt racks and has built its own gallium nitride devices, but the chief executive does not expect revenue from them before the end of 2027.
against this
  • Navitas, Innoscience, Infineon and Texas Instruments already sell gallium nitride and silicon carbide parts and are on NVIDIA's list (C10), so MPS arrives late on the high-voltage stage.
  • The chief executive said he was wrong about gallium nitride before.
forwardwritten 2026-10-03
C10facthigh confidence
NVIDIA names MPS among ten silicon providers for its 800-volt DC data-centre design, alongside Analog Devices, Infineon, Innoscience, Navitas, onsemi, Renesas, ROHM, STMicroelectronics and Texas Instruments, and plans full-scale production with its Kyber racks in 2027.
current state · 2025-10-13written 2026-10-03

The rivals: TXN, ON, ADI, VICR, AOSL, NVTS, NXPI, STM, POWI, SMTC, and 2 more that are private, in-house or listed abroad.

Who else does this, rival by rival
TickerRivalWhere it competesHow far alongPriced against it
Infineon AI and data-centre powerPriced against it: Listed abroadPower solutionsOn saleListed abroad
TXN · ON · ADITexas Instruments, onsemi and Analog Devices power ICsPriced against it: YesPower solutionsOn saleYes
VICRVicor vertical power delivery modulesPriced against it: YesPower solutionsOn saleYes
AOSLAlpha and Omega multiphase controllers and smart power stagesPriced against it: No usable figurePower solutionsOn saleNo usable figure
NVTSNavitas and Innoscience gallium nitride for 800-volt racksPriced against it: One segment onlyPower solutionsAnnouncedOne segment only
Renesas multiphase server powerPriced against it: Listed abroadPower solutionsOn saleListed abroad
NXPINXP SemiconductorsPriced against it: One segment only-On saleOne segment only
STMSTMicroelectronicsPriced against it: One segment only-On saleOne segment only
POWIPower IntegrationsPriced against it: One segment only-On saleOne segment only
SMTCSemtechPriced against it: One segment only-On saleOne segment only
03

How big it could get

How big this could get

Nobody publishes the exact market, so it can only be bounded. Analog and power chips were an $86.5B market in 2025. Data-centre power capacity is growing about 31% in 2026, to 161 gigawatts. Infineon alone expects over EUR 1.6B of AI power sales this year.

Against that, MPS sold $2.79B in total in 2025. Room exists; the question is how much of it MPS keeps.

The evidence under this - 4 claims
C33facthigh confidence
WSTS put the analog chip market at $86.5B in 2025 and forecasts $95.4B in 2026, up 10.2%, and $101.7B in 2027, up 6.6%, while it expects the whole chip market to grow 90% in 2026 on AI.
current state · 2026-06-02written 2026-10-03
C34facthigh confidence
TrendForce estimates data-centre power capacity at 122.9 GW in 2025 and 161 GW in 2026, up about 31%, with AI servers about a third of 2026 capacity.
current state · 2026-09-16written 2026-10-03
C12facthigh confidence
Infineon says demand for its AI power chips outstrips supply and it is on allocation; it expects over EUR 1.6B of AI power revenue in its year to September 2026, plus about EUR 500M of other data-centre power, and has customers signing prepaid multi-year capacity reservations worth a high single-digit billion euros.
current state · 2026-08-05written 2026-10-03
C02facthigh confidence
2025 revenue was $2,790.5M, up 26.4%, the 14th straight year of growth. By end market: enterprise data $701.8M (down 2.0%), storage and computing $732.5M (up 46%), automotive $592.5M (up 43.1%), communications $309.1M (up 36.8%), consumer $255.2M (up 26.3%) and industrial $199.4M (up 35.3%).
historical · FY2025written 2026-10-03
04

The results

The numbers

Is it growing?Fast

Sales grew 29% over the twelve months to Jun 2026, about the same pace as the 26% in the year to Dec 2025.

Dec 2021: $1.21BDec 2022: $1.79BDec 2023: $1.82BDec 2024: $2.21BDec 2025: $2.79B12 mo to Jun 2026: $3.27B$1.21B$3.27B
Is it profitable?Strong

Operating margin is 29%, up from 26% in the year to Dec 2023.

Dec 2021: 22%Dec 2022: 29%Dec 2023: 26%Dec 2024: 24%Dec 2025: 26%12 mo to Jun 2026: 29%22%29%
Does growth pay off?Pays off

Running costs take 26¢ of each sales dollar, down from 35¢ in the year to Dec 2021.

Dec 2021: 35¢Dec 2022: 29¢Dec 2023: 30¢Dec 2024: 31¢Dec 2025: 29¢12 mo to Jun 2026: 26¢35¢26¢
Does it earn good returns?Strong

Each dollar put into the business earns 22% a year after tax, about where it was (21%) in the year to Dec 2021.

Dec 2021: 21%Dec 2022: 30%Dec 2023: 22%Dec 2024: 22%Dec 2025: 18%12 mo to Jun 2026: 22%21%22%
Is it making cash?Strong

It turned 18% of sales into free cash, $586M over the last twelve months.

Dec 2021: $226MDec 2022: $188MDec 2023: $581MDec 2024: $642MDec 2025: $666M12 mo to Jun 2026: $586M$226M$586M
How steady is it?Swingy

Yearly sales growth has ranged from +1.5% to +49% over the last 5 years.

Dec 2021: +43%Dec 2022: +49%Dec 2023: +1.5%Dec 2024: +21%Dec 2025: +26%+43%+26%
Are shares being diluted?Stable

The share count rose 2.9% in 4.5 years, and pay in shares costs 6.4% of sales.

Dec 2021: 47.9MDec 2022: 48.4MDec 2023: 48.8MDec 2024: 48.8MDec 2025: 48.3M12 mo to Jun 2026: 49.3M47.9M49.3M
All the numbers

Filed figures from the company's 10-K and 10-Q, read 2026-10-04. Fiscal years end in December.

Dec 2021Dec 2022Dec 2023Dec 2024Dec 202512 mo to Jun 2026
Size and growth
Sales$1.21B$1.79B$1.82B$2.21B$2.79B$3.27B
Sales growth+43%+49%+1.5%+21%+26%+29%
Profit
Gross margin57%58%56%55%55%55%
Operating margin22%29%26%24%26%29%
Net margin20%24%23%72%22%25%
What growth costs, per sales dollar
Research and development16%13%14%15%14%13%
Selling, general and admin19%16%15%16%15%14%
Pay in shares10%9.0%8.2%9.3%8.2%6.4%
Capital spending7.8%3.3%3.2%6.6%6.2%7.2%
Cash
Cash from operations$320M$247M$638M$788M$838M$822M
Free cash flow$226M$188M$581M$642M$666M$586M
Balance sheet
Cash and short-term investments$725M$738M$1.11B$863M$1.26B$1.41B
Returns and shares
Return on capital21%30%22%22%18%22%
Shares (diluted)47.9M48.4M48.8M48.8M48.3M49.3M

What growth costs

Growth has made MPS more profitable: research, sales and admin costs rise more slowly than sales, so each new dollar of sales keeps more profit. The chips themselves cost about the same share of every sale. A flat year reverses it, as 2023 showed.

The evidence under this - 2 claims
C51facthigh confidence
Per sales dollar, R&D fell from 16.3 cents in 2020 to 13.7 in 2025 and 12.6 in the year to June 2026, selling, general and administrative from 19.1 to 15.4 and 13.9, and stock pay from 10.1 to 8.2 and 6.4, while gross margin held near 55% and operating margin rose from 18.8% to 26.1% and 28.7%. Capital spending moved between 3.2 and 7.8 cents.
against this
  • In 2023, when revenue grew 1.5%, R&D rose to 14.5 cents and operating margin fell to 26.5% from 29.4%, so the leverage runs both ways.
  • Capital spending rose to 7.2 cents in the latest year with the capacity build in C37.
historical · 2020 to the year to June 2026written 2026-10-04
C03facthigh confidence
June 2026 quarter revenue was $980.6M, up 47.6% on a year. GAAP gross margin was 55.2%, operating margin 31.0% and EPS $5.22; non-GAAP gross margin 55.6%, operating margin 37.5% and EPS $6.50.
historical · Q2 2026written 2026-10-03

The last report (30 Jul)

Quarter ended June 2026, filed figures.

48%
Sales growth
against the same quarter a year earlier
21.9%
Growth from the quarter before
against 7.1% the quarter before that
31¢
Operating profit
per dollar of sales

Q2 2026 was a record. Sales rose to $980.6M, up 47.6% on a year, and data-centre sales reached $380.6M, up 164%. Margins held: about 55 cents of each dollar after making the chips.

Management guided the September quarter to $1.14B to $1.16B, 56% above a year earlier at the midpoint, and raised its floor for 2026 data-centre growth to 130%. Elsewhere growth was slower: cars rose 8% and consumer sales fell.

What it did to the thesisIt proved the AI data-centre line is driving the growth and margins held while sales jumped. It left open whether the growth is lasting demand or customers buying ahead, which only the next few quarters can show.

The quarter in detail

Sales growth from the previous quarter, filed figures.

Earnings per share $6.50 against $5.87 expected; $5.22 as filed, the gap being what the company adds back.

The evidence under this - 4 claims
C03facthigh confidence
June 2026 quarter revenue was $980.6M, up 47.6% on a year. GAAP gross margin was 55.2%, operating margin 31.0% and EPS $5.22; non-GAAP gross margin 55.6%, operating margin 37.5% and EPS $6.50.
historical · Q2 2026written 2026-10-03
C04facthigh confidence
In the June 2026 quarter enterprise data was $380.6M, 38.8% of revenue and up 164.3% on a year; communications $131.6M, up 78.3%; storage and computing $199.8M, up 2.3%; automotive $157.1M, up 8.2%; industrial $54.8M, up 17.3%; consumer $56.8M, down 4.8%.
historical · Q2 2026written 2026-10-03
C05management claimmedium confidence
MPS guides September-quarter revenue of $1,140M to $1,160M, with non-GAAP gross margin of 55.4% to 56.0%. At the midpoint that is 56% above the $737.2M of a year earlier.
against this

MPS beat its revenue guide and consensus in each of the last three prints (C42), so the guide has been conservative, but a guide is the company's own forecast and enterprise data orders can be cancelled (C40).

forwardwritten 2026-10-03
C06management claimmedium confidence
Management has raised its floor for 2026 enterprise data growth four times: 30% to 40% after the September 2025 quarter, at least 50% in February, 85% in April and 130% in July, saying channel inventory remains very low. At 130% the line would be about $1.61B for 2026.
against this
  • The same line fell 2.0% in 2025 while the company grew 26.4% (C02), after customer business moved away in late 2024 (C16), so the floor is a forecast from a line that has swung both ways.
  • Backlog can be cancelled or postponed (C40), and no supply agreement with a data-centre customer is filed (C36).
forwardwritten 2026-10-03
What management did with the money

MPS has no debt and $1.41B of cash. In the first half of 2026 it paid $179.5M in dividends and bought back only $4.0M of shares, while stock pay to staff keeps adding about 2.6% to the share count a year.

Insiders in 2026Q3: 3 purchases and 36 sales, from their Form 4 filings.

The evidence under this - 3 claims
C20facthigh confidence
At June 30, 2026 MPS held $1,413.8M of cash and short-term investments and no debt; first-half operating cash flow was $478.2M, dividends paid $179.5M and buybacks $4.0M against a $1B authorisation. Purchase commitments to suppliers were $571.0M.
current state · 2026-06-30written 2026-10-03
C23facthigh confidence
Diluted shares were 49.25M in the year to June 2026 against 48.01M a year earlier, up 2.6%; stock-based pay was $53.2M in the June quarter. 49,143,000 shares were outstanding on July 29, 2026.
current state · 2026-07-29written 2026-10-03
C44inferencehigh confidence
Shareholders get the growth less a small leak: the share count rises about 2.6% a year from stock pay while buybacks are token, so per-share gains trail company gains slightly; the dividend is about 0.6% of the price.
derivedC20, C23 and C25
against this

Revenue per share still rose 25.4% in a year (C26), so the leak is small against growth.

current state · 2026-06-30written 2026-10-03
05

The price, and where we disagree

In short. Full. The business is excellent, but the price already pays for sales nearly doubling by 2027 with margins held, so little is left if AI orders slow.

Share price
$1,439.73
close,
Company value for each $1 of sales
21.3
rivals' middle 14.3 · its 6-year normal 15.7

The shares fell from $1,689.89 on 3 June to about $1,313 within the month, as the whole chip sector sold off, then recovered after the June-quarter beat. Half of the past year's 57% rise came from buyers paying more per sales dollar, not from sales.

In September GlobalFoundries agreed to make MPS chips in Singapore. The next test is the September-quarter report on 29 October.

The evidence under this - 4 claims
C30facthigh confidence
The shares have fallen hard on worries before: 17.5% on October 31 and 15.0% on November 11, 2024, 11.4% on January 27, 2025, and from $1,689.89 on June 3, 2026 to about $1,313 after falls of 10.4%, 9.3% and 8.7% that month.
historical · 2024-10 to 2026-06written 2026-10-03
C09facthigh confidence
GlobalFoundries signed a long-term manufacturing agreement in September 2026 that deploys MPS's proprietary process in its 300mm plant in Singapore, with volume production planned for 2027, for car, robotics and AI power stage products.
current state · 2026-09-09written 2026-10-03
C05management claimmedium confidence
MPS guides September-quarter revenue of $1,140M to $1,160M, with non-GAAP gross margin of 55.4% to 56.0%. At the midpoint that is 56% above the $737.2M of a year earlier.
against this

MPS beat its revenue guide and consensus in each of the last three prints (C42), so the guide has been conservative, but a guide is the company's own forecast and enterprise data orders can be cancelled (C40).

forwardwritten 2026-10-03
C26facthigh confidence
Over the past year the shares rose 57.2%: sales per share rose 25.4% and the price per sales dollar 25.3%, so about half the move was a higher rating.
historical · 2025-10-01 to 2026-10-02written 2026-10-03
How we read the multiple

Buyers pay about 21 times a year's sales, above MPS's own usual level and above most of its rivals. What has to be true:

  1. Sales grow from $2.79B in 2025 to about $5.34B in 2027, the analysts' forecast.
  2. The profit margin holds near today's, so profit per share reaches about $35.92 before stock pay.
  3. At today's price that is still 40 times 2027 profit, so the growth must keep going after 2027 too.

Against its own history. Per sales dollar, MPS has always cost more than most chipmakers; today it costs well above even its own usual level, which the AI boom must keep earning.

The evidence under this - 4 claims
C25facthigh confidence
At the October 2, 2026 close of $1,439.73 MPS's company value was about $69.7B, 21.3 times trailing sales of $3,273.2M against a six-year median of 15.7; the price was 87.8 times trailing GAAP earnings against a median of 70.5.
current state · 2026-10-02written 2026-10-03
C28inferencemedium confidence
The price assumes the AI boom carries on into 2027: company value is about 13.1 times 2027 consensus sales of $5.34B, nearly double 2025, and the price 40 times 2027 adjusted EPS, so consensus must arrive with margins held.
derivedC25, C27, C02 and C03: company value over consensus sales, the price over consensus adjusted EPS, set against 2025 revenue
against this
  • MPS has traded above 15 times sales for six years (C25) and grew every year of them (C02), so a premium to the cohort is its normal state.
  • Consensus has been beaten three prints running (C42), so 2027 may arrive early.
current state · 2026-10-02written 2026-10-03
C27facthigh confidence
Consensus has sales of $4,149M in 2026, $5,339M in 2027 and $6,415M in 2028, with adjusted earnings of $27.42, $35.92 and $43.18 a share. 22 of 25 rating analysts say buy and none sell.
current state · 2026-10-02written 2026-10-03
C29facthigh confidence
Against the filed rivals MPS is the dearest but one: 21.3 times sales against a median of 14.3 for Texas Instruments, onsemi and Vicor, and 87.8 times earnings against 53.7. Only Vicor costs more on sales.
current state · 2026-10-02written 2026-10-03
Priced against its rivals

The competitors its own annual report names, each confirmed against the rival's filing. Measured on company value for each $1 of sales, cheapest first:

TickerCompanycompany value for each $1 of sales
ONON Semiconductor5.5×
TXNTexas Instruments Incorporated14.3×
MPWRMonolithic Power Systems21.3×
VICRVicor28.6×
ADIAnalog Devices not in the median15.1×

The middle of the other 3 is 14.3. Analog Devices, Inc. competes with it in one product line inside a much bigger company, so its price says little about this business and it is not counted in the middle. Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. is 2nd dearest of 4.

Rivals' figures come from a data provider, so read the spread of the group rather than any single pair.

The high price per sales dollar is MPS's own, not the group's: the broad chipmakers cost less, and only the smaller AI power specialist costs more.

Private or foreign rivals that cannot be priced: Infineon Technologies AG, Renesas Electronics Corporation, ROHM Co., Ltd.

Where we disagree with the market

The market believes

MPS is one of the cleanest ways to own AI power, with a decade of growth behind it and data-centre sales still speeding up.

We believe

The business is excellent and the AI growth real, but the price already pays for it lasting through 2027.

The market reads management's rising growth floors. We also read Infineon's report: the leader is sold out and has customers prepaying for years of supply, while MPS's orders can still be cancelled. MPS has lost AI work once before.

Against us: MPS has beaten forecasts in each of its last three reports and has always cost more than its peers, and kept growing anyway.

What analysts say, and the evidence
Analysts positive
94%
of 17, 1 Oct
Four months earlier
88%
of 16, 1 Jun
The evidence under this - 5 claims
C27facthigh confidence
Consensus has sales of $4,149M in 2026, $5,339M in 2027 and $6,415M in 2028, with adjusted earnings of $27.42, $35.92 and $43.18 a share. 22 of 25 rating analysts say buy and none sell.
current state · 2026-10-02written 2026-10-03
C06management claimmedium confidence
Management has raised its floor for 2026 enterprise data growth four times: 30% to 40% after the September 2025 quarter, at least 50% in February, 85% in April and 130% in July, saying channel inventory remains very low. At 130% the line would be about $1.61B for 2026.
against this
  • The same line fell 2.0% in 2025 while the company grew 26.4% (C02), after customer business moved away in late 2024 (C16), so the floor is a forecast from a line that has swung both ways.
  • Backlog can be cancelled or postponed (C40), and no supply agreement with a data-centre customer is filed (C36).
forwardwritten 2026-10-03
C36inferencelow confidence
MPS is one of two or three scale suppliers of AI power, but with weaker commitments than its largest rival: at a 130% floor its whole enterprise data line would be about $1.61B in 2026, close to Infineon's AI power alone, yet Infineon has prepaid capacity deals and MPS files none.
derivedC06, C12 and C20: the enterprise data floor against Infineon's stated AI power revenue and agreements, and MPS's own commitments note
against this
  • Enterprise data also holds non-AI servers and storage, so the two figures are not the same market and MPS's AI share may be smaller.
  • MPS says its wins span several large customers (C07), and its own $571.0M of purchase commitments show it is buying supply ahead of demand (C20).
current state · 2026-08-05written 2026-10-03
C12facthigh confidence
Infineon says demand for its AI power chips outstrips supply and it is on allocation; it expects over EUR 1.6B of AI power revenue in its year to September 2026, plus about EUR 500M of other data-centre power, and has customers signing prepaid multi-year capacity reservations worth a high single-digit billion euros.
current state · 2026-08-05written 2026-10-03
C16inferencemedium confidence
MPS has already lost a large AI customer's business once: shares fell about 30% in late 2024 when reports said NVIDIA moved business to competitors over quality problems, and enterprise data then fell 2.0% in 2025 while the rest of MPS grew over 40%.
derivedC02, C30 and S17: the end-market table against the share-price falls and the lawsuit's account of them
against this
  • MPS calls the securities suit meritless (C19), and enterprise data has since grown 164% on a year (C04), so the business came back.
  • The account of why the business moved is the plaintiffs' and the press's; MPS has not confirmed it.
historical · 2024-10 to 2025-12written 2026-10-03
06

What could go wrong, and how we would know

The risks

  • AI orders slow. Orders can be cancelled; if data-centre buyers pause, sales fall while the price still assumes growth.
  • Infineon takes share. The leader is adding capacity with prepaid customer deals and could price to win sockets.
  • Late to 800 volts. Racks move to 800 volts from 2027, and MPS expects revenue from those parts only late that year.
  • Quality slip again. A key AI customer moved work to rivals over quality in 2024; it could happen again.
  • Accounts and a lawsuit. MPS restated 2024 accounts, has an unfixed control weakness, and faces a fraud suit a judge let proceed.
  • Asia and one founder. 94% of sales go to Asia, the founder is chief executive and chair, and the finance chief is interim.
The evidence under this - 8 claims
C12facthigh confidence
Infineon says demand for its AI power chips outstrips supply and it is on allocation; it expects over EUR 1.6B of AI power revenue in its year to September 2026, plus about EUR 500M of other data-centre power, and has customers signing prepaid multi-year capacity reservations worth a high single-digit billion euros.
current state · 2026-08-05written 2026-10-03
C40facthigh confidence
MPS's backlog can be cancelled or postponed and the 10-K says it is not a reliable guide to future sales; some contracts carry lead-time terms and cancellation penalties.
current state · 2025-12-31written 2026-10-03
C16inferencemedium confidence
MPS has already lost a large AI customer's business once: shares fell about 30% in late 2024 when reports said NVIDIA moved business to competitors over quality problems, and enterprise data then fell 2.0% in 2025 while the rest of MPS grew over 40%.
derivedC02, C30 and S17: the end-market table against the share-price falls and the lawsuit's account of them
against this
  • MPS calls the securities suit meritless (C19), and enterprise data has since grown 164% on a year (C04), so the business came back.
  • The account of why the business moved is the plaintiffs' and the press's; MPS has not confirmed it.
historical · 2024-10 to 2025-12written 2026-10-03
C11management claimmedium confidence
MPS is sampling high-voltage AC-to-DC parts for 800-volt racks and has built its own gallium nitride devices, but the chief executive does not expect revenue from them before the end of 2027.
against this
  • Navitas, Innoscience, Infineon and Texas Instruments already sell gallium nitride and silicon carbide parts and are on NVIDIA's list (C10), so MPS arrives late on the high-voltage stage.
  • The chief executive said he was wrong about gallium nitride before.
forwardwritten 2026-10-03
C18facthigh confidence
MPS restated its 2024 accounts, cutting a recorded income tax benefit by $194.6M, and reported a material weakness in its deferred-tax controls at the 2024 and 2025 year ends; the weakness was still not fixed at June 30, 2026.
current state · 2026-06-30written 2026-10-03
C19facthigh confidence
A securities class action filed in February 2025 alleges MPS misled investors about its business; a judge let key claims proceed in May 2026, and derivative suits against directors followed in June 2026. MPS calls the suit meritless.
current state · 2026-06-30written 2026-10-03
C21facthigh confidence
Sales to direct customers in Asia were 94% of June 2026 quarter revenue, and MPS's wafers come from foundries in China, Taiwan, South Korea and Singapore.
current state · 2026-06-30written 2026-10-03
C38facthigh confidence
The chief financial officer retired after the 2025 annual report and an interim officer holds the role; Michael Hsing, 66, founded MPS, developed its process and is chief executive and chair, and the 10-K says MPS depends on him.
current state · 2026-06-30written 2026-10-03
What we still do not know
  • How much of AI power MPS supplies against Infineon; nobody outside publishes a share.
  • How much of data-centre sales is AI accelerators rather than ordinary servers and storage.
  • Whether the business lost in 2024 has fully come back, and on what terms.
  • When the accounting control weakness will be fixed, and who will be the permanent finance chief.
The evidence under this - 6 claims
C07management claimlow confidence
The chief executive says MPS has passed 30% share of server CPU power, which he had called the line below which he would count it a failure, and that its data-centre design wins span several large customers rather than one.
against this
  • No outside body publishes a share for server power, and Infineon says it is represented in almost all platforms and is the leading force in the space (C12).
  • In late 2024 a key customer moved business to competitors over quality problems (C16).
current state · 2026-07-30written 2026-10-03
C36inferencelow confidence
MPS is one of two or three scale suppliers of AI power, but with weaker commitments than its largest rival: at a 130% floor its whole enterprise data line would be about $1.61B in 2026, close to Infineon's AI power alone, yet Infineon has prepaid capacity deals and MPS files none.
derivedC06, C12 and C20: the enterprise data floor against Infineon's stated AI power revenue and agreements, and MPS's own commitments note
against this
  • Enterprise data also holds non-AI servers and storage, so the two figures are not the same market and MPS's AI share may be smaller.
  • MPS says its wins span several large customers (C07), and its own $571.0M of purchase commitments show it is buying supply ahead of demand (C20).
current state · 2026-08-05written 2026-10-03
C04facthigh confidence
In the June 2026 quarter enterprise data was $380.6M, 38.8% of revenue and up 164.3% on a year; communications $131.6M, up 78.3%; storage and computing $199.8M, up 2.3%; automotive $157.1M, up 8.2%; industrial $54.8M, up 17.3%; consumer $56.8M, down 4.8%.
historical · Q2 2026written 2026-10-03
C16inferencemedium confidence
MPS has already lost a large AI customer's business once: shares fell about 30% in late 2024 when reports said NVIDIA moved business to competitors over quality problems, and enterprise data then fell 2.0% in 2025 while the rest of MPS grew over 40%.
derivedC02, C30 and S17: the end-market table against the share-price falls and the lawsuit's account of them
against this
  • MPS calls the securities suit meritless (C19), and enterprise data has since grown 164% on a year (C04), so the business came back.
  • The account of why the business moved is the plaintiffs' and the press's; MPS has not confirmed it.
historical · 2024-10 to 2025-12written 2026-10-03
C18facthigh confidence
MPS restated its 2024 accounts, cutting a recorded income tax benefit by $194.6M, and reported a material weakness in its deferred-tax controls at the 2024 and 2025 year ends; the weakness was still not fixed at June 30, 2026.
current state · 2026-06-30written 2026-10-03
C09facthigh confidence
GlobalFoundries signed a long-term manufacturing agreement in September 2026 that deploys MPS's proprietary process in its 300mm plant in Singapore, with volume production planned for 2027, for car, robotics and AI power stage products.
current state · 2026-09-09written 2026-10-03

What would change our view

  1. Neutral→AttractiveThe price returns to its usual multiple

    It needs:

    • ○The company's value falls to its usual 15.7 times a year's sales.about ≈$1,061.89 today, 26% below the last close
  2. Neutral→AttractiveSales outrun the consensus path

    It needs:

    • ○Quarterly sales reach $1.5B, up from $980.6M.checked at the next results, due by 29 Oct
  3. Neutral→UnattractiveThe AI power cycle turns or the moat cracks

    It needs any of:

    • ○The gross margin, before stock pay, falls below 53%, from 55.6%.checked at the next results, due by 29 Oct
    • ○Inventory rises above 160 days of supply, from 140.checked at the next results, due by 29 Oct
We would also be wrong if
  • MPS signs or files a multi-year AI supply deal with a stated volume.
  • The 2026 annual report again finds the accounting control weakness.

What is coming

  • 29 October 2026 Q3 2026 results: Revenue against the $1,140M to $1,160M guide, gross margin against 55.4% to 56.0%, and whether enterprise data keeps pace with the 130% floor.
Every dated event ahead
  • 29 October 2026 Q3 2026 results: Revenue against the $1,140M to $1,160M guide, gross margin against 55.4% to 56.0%, and whether enterprise data keeps pace with the 130% floor.
  • February 2027 Q4 2026 results and the 2026 10-K: Whether the deferred-tax control weakness is fixed, a permanent CFO is named, and the enterprise data year meets the raised floor.
  • December 2027 GlobalFoundries Singapore volume production of MPS's process: Whether the second-source capacity behind the beyond-$6B supply goal arrives on time for car, robotics and AI power stages.
  • December 2027 NVIDIA 800-volt DC racks in full-scale production: Whether MPS turns sampling into high-voltage revenue in the new architecture, or is late where Infineon and others already ship.
Since we wrote this
Written
3 Oct
Price the thesis read
$1,439.73
2 Oct
  • 5 OctThesis reviewThe long case now sits under the verdictAfter the five-name pilot, the owner asked for the long case on every thesis.
  • 4 OctThesis reviewOwner's checklist: revenue streams, cost of growth, management, catalystsThe owner's checklist found the method silent on who runs the company, what growth costs, where the money comes from and what is dated ahead; this pass fills those four blocks from the proxy and filings.
  • 3 OctThesis writtenNeutral, medium convictionWritten four weeks before Q3 2026 results, after the GlobalFoundries agreement, with the shares at $1,439.73, 15% below June's high.

Also checked 3 times with nothing new to act on.

Sources 21

Where this came from

Sources - 21

Every claim above cites one of these, or states the reasoning that derived it. The quote is frozen at the date it was read: a link can rot, and an agent fetch returns a reading of a page rather than the page. Backs counts the whole claim ledger, so it can name a claim this page does not surface.

  1. S01primarycompany filing2026-02-27
    Item 1 (products, process, distribution, competitors, patents), risk factors (in-house design, backlog, key person), end-market split, the restatement and material weakness, executives
    backsC01C02C08C17C18C21C24C38C40C47C48C51
  2. S02primarycompany filing2026-08-05
    June-quarter income statement, end-market table, Asia share, balance sheet, cash flow, commitments, stock pay, share count, legal proceedings, controls
    backsC03C04C06C18C19C20C21C23C25C38C47C48C50C51
  3. S03primarycompany release2026-07-30
    non-GAAP margins and EPS and the reconciliation, inventory days, the September-quarter guide, the buyback authorisation
    Revenue in the range of $1,140 million to $1,160 million.
    backsC03C05C20C22C24C42
  4. S04primarycompany release2026-02-05
    2025 revenue and end markets, the capacity secured, the dividend increase, GAAP and non-GAAP EPS
    This is our 14th consecutive year of revenue growth driven by consistent execution, continued innovation, and strong customer focus.
    backsC02C24C37C42
  5. S05primarytranscript2026-07-30
    Q2 2026 earnings call transcript
    data/cache/transcripts/MPWR-2026Q2.json (FMP earning-call-transcript, quarter label 2026Q2, call held 2026-07-30)
    the enterprise data floor, channel inventory, server CPU share, 800-volt sampling, capacity goal, pricing and margin outlook; questions from Oppenheimer, TD Cowen, Stifel, Truist, Needham, Wells Fargo, Wolfe, Citi and William Blair
    willing to raise floor for that particular end market from 85% for the year to 130% for the year.
    backsC06C07C11C37C39
  6. S06primarytranscript2026-02-05
    Q4 2025 earnings call transcript
    data/cache/transcripts/MPWR-2025Q4.json (FMP earning-call-transcript, quarter label 2025Q4, call held 2026-02-05)
    the earlier enterprise data floors, design wins across customers, the gallium nitride timeline, the CFO's retirement
    we won many design wins across the board, not from one company, one large company.
    backsC06C07C11
  7. S07primarycompany release2026-09-09
    the agreement, the plant, volume production in 2027, the product areas
    today announced a long-term manufacturing agreement that will deploy MPS’s proprietary process technology to GF’s advanced 300mm manufacturing facility in Singapore.
    backsC09
  8. S08primaryother2025-05-20
    why 54-volt racks give way to 800-volt DC, the 2027 timing with Kyber, the named silicon partners; the October 2025 follow-up adds AOS, EPC, Power Integrations and Richtek
    Silicon providers: Analog Devices, Infineon, Innoscience, MPS, Navitas, OnSemi, Renesas, ROHM, STMicroelectronics, Texas Instruments
    backsC10C35
  9. S09primarycompany release2026-08-05
    AI power revenue above EUR 1.6B, about EUR 500M of other data-centre power, prepaid multi-year capacity reservations, a material upward revision to come in November
    Demand for our AI power solutions continues to outstrip available supply, we are in allocation.
    backsC12
  10. S10primaryindustry data2026-06-02
    the analog market for 2025 to 2027 and the whole market's 2026 growth
    Other product categories are forecast to expand at more moderate rates, reflecting a broader industry growth: Microprocessors 20 percent, Analog 10 percent
    backsC33
  11. S11secondaryindustry data2026-09-16
    data-centre power capacity for 2025 and 2026 and the AI server share
    TrendForce estimates that global data center power demand capacity will reach 161 GW in 2026, up approximately 31% YoY.
    backsC34
  12. S12primarycompany filing2026-03-02
    vertical power delivery for AI processors and whom its Advanced Products compete with
    backsC13
  13. S13primarycompany filing2026-08-27
    multiphase controllers and smart power stages for AI and graphics processors
    backsC14
  14. S14secondaryvendor data2026-10-03
    Research pack (FMP market tier and filed statements), frozen at content/MPWR/research-pack.json
    content/MPWR/research-pack.json
    last close, company value and multiples against six-year medians, the price-move split, the analyst split and estimates, the earnings history, the filed cohort, short interest, daily closes
    backsC05C23C25C26C27C29C30C32C42
  15. S15primarycompany filing2026-10-02
    every insider sale with its Rule 10b5-1 flag, price and date
    backsC31
  16. S17tertiarynews2026-10-03
    the plaintiffs' account of the 2024 customer shift and the ruling letting claims proceed
    Robart ruled on May 6 that key claims in a securities fraud lawsuit against Monolithic Power and its CEO and former CFO will move forward.
    backsC19C30
  17. S18primarycompany filing2026-02-06
    the Analog segment's Power line and its DC/DC regulators
    backsC15
  18. S19primarycompany filing2026-02-09
    the Analog and Mixed-Signal Group's multiphase controllers and DC-DC converters, the Aura Semiconductor purchase
    backsC15
  19. S20primarycompany filing2026-04-30
    beneficial ownership at the April 15, 2026 record date, the 2025 bonus plan and its payout, the PSU metrics and the 2023 PSU payout, dividends declared 2023 to 2025, the share of free cash flow returned
    backsC45C46C48
  20. S21primarycompany filing2026-02-05
    Bernie Blegen's retirement as CFO at the 10-K filing, Rob Dean's appointment as interim CFO, the dividend raise
    backsC47
  21. S22primarycompany filing2023-02-24
    the 2020 to 2022 income statements: revenue, R&D and selling, general and administrative per sales dollar
    backsC51
Rendered from content/MPWR/thesis.json · thesis reviewed 2026-10-03. This page explains a company; it does not say what to pay, when to buy or how much.